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Table 1: Age-associated cognitive decline (AACD) subjects: Neuropsychological test results at initial presentation, compared to published norms. The percentage of AACD subjects scoring at least 1 s.d. below normal for age on each test of cognitive function is also indicated. |
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Test |
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Education |
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MMSE |
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Boston naming |
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Digit Span |
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Knopman |
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Logical Memory 1 |
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Logical Memory 2 |
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Fluency (F & S) |
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Fluency Animals |
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Digit Symbol |
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Block Design (/51) |
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Visual Perceptual Screen |
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Table 2: Brain SPECT pattern classification of Holman, Johnson et al.36 |
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SPECT Pattern |
Description |
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A |
Normal |
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B |
Bilateral posterior temporal and/or parietal defects |
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C |
Bilateral posterior temporal and/or parietal defects with additional defects |
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D |
Unilateral posterior temporal and/or parietal defects with or without additional defects |
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E |
Frontal defects only |
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F |
Other large defects |
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G |
Multiple small defects |
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Table 3: SPECT and selected initial neuropsychological results in AACD subjects. Number of AACD subjects with each SPECT pattern (total n = 36), is shown along with the mean neuropsychological test result within that group of subjects. The overall results for any normal (SPECT pattern A) versus abnormal (SPECT patterns B-G) are also compared. |
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SPECT Pattern |
No. Subjects (%) |
MMSE (Av.) |
Boston naming (%) |
Logical memory I |
Fluency (animal) |
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A |
13 (36) |
27 |
68 |
8.3 |
11.2 |
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B |
4 (11) |
28 |
76 |
7 |
12.7 |
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C |
1 (3) |
28 |
100 |
8 |
12 |
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D |
12 (33) |
28.3 |
83 |
6.8 |
13.3 |
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E |
3 (8) |
26.3 |
90 |
6.7 |
14 |
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F |
2 (6) |
23.5 |
74 |
6.5 |
13 |
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G |
1 (3) |
30 |
76. |
11 |
13 |
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B-G |
23 (64) |
27.6 |
82.3 |
7 |
13.2 |
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Table 4: Follow-up of AACD subjects: initial and follow-up MMSE scores divided according to initial SPECT pattern (n = 34). |
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SPECT Pattern |
No. Subjects (%) |
Initial MMSE |
F/U MMSE |
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A |
11 (32) |
27.1 |
23.6 |
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B |
4 (11) |
28 |
24 |
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C |
1 (3) |
28 |
15 |
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D |
12 (35) |
28.3 |
25.2 |
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E |
3 (9) |
26.3 |
24.3 |
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F |
2 (6) |
23.5 |
21 |
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G |
1 (3) |
30 |
29 |
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B-G |
23 (68) |
27.6 |
23.9 |
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Table 5: AACD subjects: progression to probable AD according to SPECT pattern (n = 34). |
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SPECT |
No. Subjects |
No. Progressing to AD |
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A |
11 |
6 |
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B |
4 |
2 |
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C |
1 |
1 |
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D |
12 |
5 |
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E |
3 |
2 |
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F |
2 |
2 |
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G |
1 |
0 |
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B-G |
23 |
12 |